nginx配置自签名的ssl证书(轻松实现https连接)

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自签名的证书比较适合于加密接口请求的访问，如果是web端https连接的话，最好是用公证机构提供的证书。
另外，自2017年1月1日起，苹果会强制ios应用使用https方式连接

生成自签名证书

生成自签名证书脚本代码地址(作者廖雪峰)
https://github.com/michaelliao/itranswarp.js/blob/master/conf/ssl/gencert.sh

脚本具体代码如下(有部分修改)：根据需求也可以自行修改脚本代码，比如有效时长等等

#!/bin/sh

# create self-signed server certificate:

read -p "Enter your domain [www.example.com]: " DOMAIN

echo "Create server key..."

openssl genrsa -des3 -out $DOMAIN.key 1024

echo "Create server certificate signing request..."

SUBJECT="/C=US/ST=Mars/L=iTranswarp/O=iTranswarp/OU=iTranswarp/CN=$DOMAIN"

openssl req -new -subj $SUBJECT -key $DOMAIN.key -out $DOMAIN.csr

echo "Remove password..."

mv $DOMAIN.key $DOMAIN.origin.key
openssl rsa -in $DOMAIN.origin.key -out $DOMAIN.key

echo "Sign SSL certificate..."

openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in $DOMAIN.csr -signkey $DOMAIN.key -out $DOMAIN.crt

echo "TODO:"
echo "Copy $DOMAIN.crt to /etc/nginx/ssl/$DOMAIN.crt"
echo "Copy $DOMAIN.key to /etc/nginx/ssl/$DOMAIN.key"
echo "Add configuration in nginx:"
echo "server {"
echo "    listen 443 ssl"
echo "    ..."
echo "    ssl on;"
echo "    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/ssl/$DOMAIN.crt;"
echo "    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/$DOMAIN.key;"
echo "    ssl_protocols   TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2"
echo "    ssl_ciphers     HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5"
echo "}"

生成证书操作

$ sh ./gencert.sh
# 根据提示输入域名以及四次口令，注意这四次口令输入的都是一样的且同时包含字母和数字

# 输出示例如下
Enter your domain [www.example.com]: #www.test.com
Create server key...
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
.................++++++
.....++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for www.test.com.key: #输入口令
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for www.test.com.key: #输入口令
Create server certificate signing request...
Enter pass phrase for www.test.com.key: #输入口令
Remove password...
Enter pass phrase for www.test.com.origin.key: #输入口令
writing RSA key
Sign SSL certificate...
Signature ok
subject=/C=US/ST=Mars/L=iTranswarp/O=iTranswarp/OU=iTranswarp/CN=www.test.com
Getting Private key
TODO:
Copy www.test.com.crt to /etc/nginx/ssl/www.test.com.crt
Copy www.test.com.key to /etc/nginx/ssl/www.test.com.key
Add configuration in nginx:
server {
    listen 443 ssl
    ...
    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/ssl/www.test.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/www.test.com.key;
    ssl_protocols   TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2
    ssl_ciphers     HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5
}

nginx 配置

执行上面的脚本后，会在脚本所在目录生成证书

# 复制证书至/etc/nginx/ssl目录
cp www.test.com.crt  /etc/nginx/ssl/www.test.com.crt
cp www.test.com.key  /etc/nginx/ssl/www.test.com.key


# 修改nginx的server配置
server {
    #监听80端口，强制转到443端口，进行https访问
    listen  80;
    server_name test.cn;

    rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;
}
server {
    listen  443 ssl;

    #强制使用https访问
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains;preload" always;

    ...# 此处省略其它配置内容

    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/ssl/www.test.com.crt; #证书格式有多种，常见的有pem、cer等
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/www.test.com.key;
    ssl_session_timeout 5m;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
}


# 重启nginx
service nginx restart

其它关于https的nginx配置看去看这篇文章 Nginx 配置 HTTPS 服务器

常见问题

nginx配置好https，而且用firewalld开启443端口后，发现外网依然无法连接。
此时可能需要在firewalld添加https服务

#查看firewalld运行状态
firewall-cmd --stat

#临时添加 https 服务 (不用重启firewalld)
firewall-cmd --add-service=https

#永久添加 https 服务 (需要重启firewalld服务)
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --reload

#查看已支持的服务
firewall-cmd --list-services
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